Mold Testing and Bacteria Testing

Trusted Laboratories

Trusted Laboratories
  • Email
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn
  • Twitter
  • YouTube
  • Home
  • About Us
  • Services
    • Mold Testing
    • Bacteria Testing
    • Legionella Testing
    • Cannabis Testing
    • Antimicrobial effectiveness testing
    • Biological Indicators and Sterilization Process
    • Contract Microbiological Research
    • Environmental Monitoring & Bioburden Testing
    • Material Fungus Resistance Testing
    • Materials Standard Testing
    • Cannabis Licence
  • Accreditation
  • View Store
  • View Courses
  • Freebies
    • Live Presentations
    • FREE Mold Inspection Quiz
    • FREE Mold Spore Identification Quiz
  • Resources
    • Chain of Custody Form
    • Ask a Question
    • How to Take Samples
    • Results Interpretation
    • Mold and Bacteria Pictures
    • Jobs
  • Contact us
You are here: Home / Mold / Dimorphic Fungi: What Are They?

Dimorphic Fungi: What Are They?

Dr Jackson Kung'u

Dimorphic fungi are those fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form) depending on environmental conditions, physiological conditions of the fungus or the genetic characteristics.

As yeasts, dimorphic fungi exist as single cells and multiply by old cells producing daughter cells. Dimorphism is common with some members of the major divisions of the fungal kingdom, i.e., Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and mitosporic fungi.

Some dimorphic fungi will switch to yeast or mold form depending on the prevailing temperature. These fungi are referred to as thermally dimorphic. Others will switch to yeast if they grow inside host tissues.

Examples of Dimorphic Fungi in Indoor Environments

Examples of dimorphic fungi in indoor environments are Aureobasidium pullulans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Sporothrix spp.

Aureobasidium pullulans

Aureobasidium pullulans is both a soil and leaf (phylloplane) fungus. It is common in indoor environments, especially on wet wood, windowsills, and bathroom tiles in wet buildings. A. pullulans has also been isolated from floor, carpet, and mattress dust; damp walls; and in humidifier water.

A. pullulans is a spoilage organism, especially a deteriogenic agent of painted surfaces. It has occasionally been found on a wide range of stored foodstuffs and cereals (such as wheat, barley and oats). Sometimes it occurs on meat in cold stores as it can grow at very low temperatures.

A. pullulans is associated with occupational disease in wood processing. It has also been isolated from human skin and nails.

Some strains of A. pullulans are used in various standard tests for resistance to microbial degradation.

Histoplasma capsulatum

Histoplasma capsulatum is a good example of a thermally dimorphic fungus. This fungus grows in its yeast form at 37°C, but switches to mold form at 20-25°C. H. capsulatum is found throughout the world in substrates rich in nitrates such as bird droppings, chicken manure and bat guano. It is also common in soils enriched by bird droppings. It causes a disease called histoplasmosis.

Humans are infected by inhalation of spores in the air or carried in fine dust. In indoor environments, H. capsulatum is only likely to be found in old dried bird droppings, chicken manure or bat guano. When the droppings have dried, massive amounts of spores can be released, especially if the droppings are disturbed. H. capsulatum may cause chronic infection resulting in pneumonia, blindness, and even death. Although it is not always present, it is good to assume it is there and take the necessary precautions if handling bird droppings or guano.

Sporothrix spp

Species of Sporothrix are also thermally dimorphic. At 25°C they grow as mold and at 37°C as yeast. They also grow as yeast in host tissue. Sporothrix has a worldwide distribution and is commonly isolated from soil, living and decomposing plants, woods, and peat moss. One species of Sporothrix – Sporothrix schenckii – is a primary pathogenic fungus and will occasionally cause human infections, especially in individuals with weak immune systems.

Factors such as malnutrition and alcoholism also predispose individuals to infection by this fungus. It is a well known cause of “Rose handler’s disease”, an occupational disease of farmers, gardeners and horticulturists. Route of infection is mainly through wounds or scratches.

Visit our comprehensive guide to learn about other common moulds and fungus.

References

  1. Flannigan B, Samson RA, Miller JD (2001). Microorganisms in home and indoor work environments: Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation and Control. Taylor & Francis, London. 490 pp. Reprinted with revisions 2005.
The following two tabs change content below.
  • Bio
  • Latest Posts
My Twitter profileMy Facebook profileMy LinkedIn profile

Dr Jackson Kung'u

Dr. Jackson Kung’u is a Microbiologist who has specialized in the field of mycology (the study of moulds and yeasts). He is a member of the Mycological Society of America. He graduated from the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, with a Masters degree in Fungal Technology and a PhD in Microbiology. He has published several research papers in international scientific journals. Jackson has analyzed thousands of mould samples from across Canada. He also regularly teaches a course on how to recognize mould, perform effective sampling and interpret laboratory results. Jackson provides how-to advice on mould and bacteria issues. Get more information about indoor mould and bacteria at www.drjacksonkungu.com.
My Twitter profileMy Facebook profileMy LinkedIn profile

Latest posts by Dr Jackson Kung'u (see all)

  • Fungal Spores and Indoor Air Quality: What You Need to Know - July 6, 2023
  • Does mold come back after mold remediation? - July 1, 2023
  • ERMI- Environmental Relative Mold Index - June 21, 2023

No related posts.

Filed Under: Mold Tagged With: Aureobasidium pullulans, Dimorphic, Dimorphic Fungi, dimorphic fungus, Fungi, Histoplasma capsulatum, Sporothrix spp

How Much Do You Know About Mold?

Take a 3 minutes Quiz and find out how much you know about mold. To start the Quiz please Click START QUIZ below.

General Knowledge Mold Quiz

General knowledge mold quiz- Try it, it's fun!
Complete the form below to see results
Share your result via
Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest LinkedIn Email

By the way, we have online mold courses at https://www.mytrainingcourses.ca

« Wallemia Mold
Bacteria in Water: Coliforms, Iron and Sulfur Bacteria »

Learn With Us…

Courses

  • Mold Inspection, Identification and Control
  • Fungal Spore Identification
  • Mold Inspection Business Course
  • How to take Mold Samples Course
  • Coliform Testing
  • WHMIS
  • INTERESTING KNOWLEDGE QUIZES

Get In Touch

By phone or by email
905-290-9101
Email

Our Location
1020 Brevik Place, Unit 1A • Mississauga, ON L4W 4N7
(Phone: 905-290-9101 • toll-free: 1-866-813-0648 • fax: 905-290-0499.)

Recent Posts

  • Fungal Spores and Indoor Air Quality: What You Need to Know
  • Does mold come back after mold remediation?
  • ERMI- Environmental Relative Mold Index

Useful Links

  • Chain of Custody Download
  • Contact us
  • Privacy policy

Copyright © 2023 · Mold & Bacteria Consulting Laboratories. Log in